If [a woman] aborts a tumtum or an androgyne, she observes [the periods of tumah and taharah] for a male and a female. [If she aborted either] a tumtum and a male [or] an androgyne and a male, she observes [the periods of tumah and taharah] for a male and a female. [However, if a woman aborted either] a tumtum and a female [or] an androgyne and a female, she need only observe [the periods of tumah and taharah] for a female child.  If [the fetus] emerges dismembered, or inverted, when a majority of it emerges, it is considered born. If [the fetus] emerges in the usual manner, [it is considered born] when a majority of its head emerges. And what is [considered] most of its head? When its forehead comes out.

[If a woman] aborts [something] and it is not known what it is, she observes [the periods of tumah and taharah] for a male and a female. [However, if] it is not known whether it was a child or not, she must observe [the tumah laws] of a male, a female, and a niddah.

[A woman] who miscarried on the fortieth day need not be concerned for a child. [If she miscarried] on the forty-first day, she must observe [the tumah laws] for a male, a female, and a niddah. R’ Yishmael says: [If she miscarried] on the forty-first day, she must observe [the tumah laws] for a male and a niddah. [If she miscarried] on the eighty-first day, she must ob-serve [the tumah laws] for a male, a female, and a niddah, for a male embryo is completed by the forty-first day, and a fe-male embryo is completed by the eighty-first day. But the Sages say: [Concerning] both the creation of a male [embryo] and the creation of a female [embryo]: this one and that one both require forty-one [days].

The daughters of Cutheans are [considered] niddos from their cradles. Cuthean [men] render a bottom mattress as tamei as that which is on top [of a zav], since they are [viewed as] men who have cohabited with niddos, since [Cuthean women] ob-serve [a niddah period] on [account of] any blood. However, one is not liable on account [of articles that were below a Cuthean] for entering the Temple [with tamei objects], nor does one burn terumah because [it came into contact with these articles], since their tumah is in doubt.