1. There are six grades of mikvaos, each higher than the other. [The first grade is] water in waterholes. [If] a tamei person drank [from it] and then a tahor person drank [from it], he becomes tamei. [If] a tamei person drank [from it] and then one drew [from it] into a tahor vessel, it becomes tamei. [If] a tamei person drank [from it] and then a loaf of terumah fell [into it] — if he rinsed [it], it becomes tamei; if he did not rinse [it], it [remains] tahor.

[If] someone was standing and talking on the rim of a pit [of wine] and saliva spurted out of his mouth, [and there is] a doubt whether [the saliva] reached the pit or did not reach [it], the uncertainty is [ruled] tahor.

[Regarding] one who was emptying a pit, [and] a sheretz was found in the first [barrel], all [the barrels] are tamei; [if it was found] in the last [barrel], [that barrel] is tamei and all [the others] are tahor. When is this? When he empties [the pit] using each [barrel]. But if he empties [the pit] with a dipper, [if] a sheretz was found in one of [the barrels], that one alone is tamei. When is this? When he checks [the barrels] but does not cover [them], or he covers [them] but does not check them. [But if] he checks [the barrels] and he covers [them], and a sheretz was found in a barrel, everything is tamei; [if the sheretz was found] in the pit, everything is tamei; [if it was found] in the ladle, everything is tamei.

[The section] between the rounds and the grape skins is a public domain. The [section of the] vineyard that is in front of the harvesters is a private domain. That which is behind the harvesters is a public domain. When is this? When the public enters from this [opening] and leaves from that [opening].  Vessels of the olive-press, and of the wine press, [such as] a mesh basket, when they are [made] of wood, he scours them and they are [suitable to be made] tahor. When they are [made] of gemi, he ages them for a full twelve months, or scalds them in boiling water. R’ Yose says: If he put them in the rapids of a river, it suf-fices.