[If] a house was filled with earth or pebbles that were abandoned [or with] a pile of grain or a mound of pebbles, even like the mound of Achan, tumah penetrates directly up and directly down, even if the tumah is near the utensils.

Someone who stands in the courtyard of a catacomb is tahor as long as it is four cu-bits, according to Beis Shammai’s opinion. Beis Hillel say: Four handbreadths. [If] a beam was used as a cover for a grave, whether it is standing upright or lying on its side, nothing becomes tamei except what is opposite the opening [of the grave]. [If] one end [of the beam] was made into a golel for a grave, only four hand-breadths of the beam become tamei, provided that the rest is going to be chopped off. R’ Yehudah says: It is all regarded as one unit.

Someone who touches a tightly sealed barrel full of tahor liquid that was made into a cover for a grave becomes tamei for seven [days]. [However,] the barrel and the liquid remain tahor. Someone who touches an animal used as a cover for a grave becomes tamei for seven days. R’ Meir says: A living being does not transmit tumah as a cover.

[If] someone touches a corpse and utensils or forms a roof over a corpse and touches utensils, [the utensils] become tamei. [If] he forms a roof over a corpse and over utensils, or he touches a corpse and forms a roof over utensils, [the utensils] remain tahor. If his hand is a handbreadth square, the utensils are tamei. There are two houses, each of which contains [a piece of corpse flesh] half the size of an olive, and a person stretches his hands into the houses. If his hands are as big as a square handbreadth, tumah spreads. If not, tumah does not spread.