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Bechoros 1:1-1:4
Bechoros1: 1
הַלּוֹקֵחַ עֻבַּר חֲמוֹרוֹ שֶׁל נָכְרִי, וְהַמּוֹכֵר לוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי, וְהַמִּשְׁתַּתֵּף לוֹ, וְהַמְקַבֵּל מִמֶּנּוּ, וְהַנּוֹתֵן לוֹ בְּקַבָּלָה, פָּטוּר מִן הַבְּכוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ,,בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל”, אֲבָל לֹא בַאֲחֵרִים. כֹּהֲנִים וּלְוִיִּם פְּטוּרִין מִקַּל וָחֹמֶר: אִם פָּטְרוּ שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּמִּדְבָּר, דִּין הוּא שֶׁיִּפְטְרוּ שֶׁל עַצְמָן.
One who buys the fetus of a donkey belonging to a non-Jew, or sells [one] to him, even though it is not permissible, or he enters into a partnership with him, or he receives [a donkey] from him to hold, or gives [one] to him to hold, is exempt from the bechor laws, as it is stated (Numbers 3:13): in Israel —- but not in others. [The donkeys of] Kohanim and Leviim are exempt because of a kal vachomer: If they exempted the Yisraelim in the Desert, it is only proper that they should exempt their own.
Bechoros1: 2
פָּרָה שֶׁיָּלְדָה כְּמִין חֲמוֹר, וַחֲמוֹר שֶׁיָּלְדָה כְּמִין סוּס — פָּטוּר מִן הַבְּכוֹרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ,,פֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר”, ,,פֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר”, שְׁנֵי פְעָמִים, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא הַיּוֹלֵד חֲמוֹר וְהַנּוֹלָד חֲמוֹר. וּמָה הֵם בַּאֲכִילָה? בְּהֵמָה טְהוֹרָה שֶׁיָּלְדָה כְּמִין בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה — מֻתָּר בַּאֲכִילָה; וּטְמֵאָה שֶׁיָּלְדָה כְּמִין בְּהֵמָה טְהוֹרָה — אָסוּר בַּאֲכִילָה; שֶׁהַיּוֹצֵא מֵהַטָּמֵא טָמֵא, וְהַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַטָּהוֹר טָהוֹר. דָּג טָמֵא שֶׁבָּלַע דָּג טָהוֹר — מֻתָּר בַּאֲכִילָה; וְטָהוֹר שֶׁבָּלַע דָּג טָמֵא — אָסוּר בַּאֲכִילָה, לְפִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ גִדּוּלָיו.
[If] a cow bore something resembling a donkey, or [if] a donkey bore something resembling a horse, it is exempt from bechor laws; as it is stated (Exodus 13:13, 34:20): The firstborn of a donkey, The firstborn of a donkey, twice —- until the bearer is a donkey and the offspring is a donkey. What is their status in regard to eating? [If] a kosher animal bore something resembling an unkosher animal, it is permissible for eating; but [if] an unkosher animal bore something resembling a kosher animal, it is forbidden for eating; for whatever comes out of something unkosher is unkosher, and whatever comes out of something kosher is kosher. [If] an unkosher fish swallowed a kosher fish, the kosher fish is permissible for eating; but [if] a kosher one swallowed an unkosher fish, it is prohibited for eating, because this is not its growth.
Bechoros1: 3
חֲמוֹר שֶׁלֹּא בִכְּרָה, וְיָלְדָה שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים — נוֹתֵן טָלֶה אֶחָד לַכֹּהֵן; זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה — מַפְרִישׁ טָלֶה אֶחָד לְעַצְמוֹ. שְׁתֵּי חֲמוֹרִים שֶׁלֹּא בִכְּרוּ וְיָלְדוּ שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים — נוֹתֵן שְׁנֵי טְלָיִים לַכֹּהֵן; זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה, אוֹ שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים וּנְקֵבָה — נוֹתֵן טָלֶה אֶחָד לַכֹּהֵן; שְׁתֵּי נְקֵבוֹת וְזָכָר, אוֹ שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים וּשְׁתֵּי נְקֵבוֹת — אֵין כָּאן לַכֹּהֵן כְּלוּם.
[If] a donkey which had not yet given birth bore two males —- he must give one lamb to a Kohen; [if it bore] a male and a female —- he must set aside one [lamb] for himself. [If] two donkeys which had not yet given birth bore two males —- he must give two lambs to a Kohen; [if they bore] a male and a female, or two males and a female —- he must give one lamb to a Kohen; [if] two females and a male, or two males and two females —- there is nothing here for a Kohen.
Bechoros1: 4
אַחַת בִּכְּרָה וְאַחַת שֶׁלֹּא בִכְּרָה, וְיָלְדוּ שְׁנֵי זְכָרִים — נוֹתֵן טָלֶה אֶחָד לַכֹּהֵן; זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה — מַפְרִישׁ טָלֶה אֶחָד לְעַצְמוֹ. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ,,וּפֶטֶר חֲמוֹר תִּפְדֶּה בְשֶׂה” — מִן הַכְּבָשִׂים וּמִן הָעִזִּים, זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה, גָּדוֹל וְקָטָן, תָּמִים וּבַעַל מוּם. וּפוֹדֶה בוֹ פְּעָמִים הַרְבֵּה; נִכְנָס לַדִּיר לְהִתְעַשֵּׂר; וְאִם מֵת, נֶהֱנִים בּוֹ.
[If] a [donkey] which had previously given birth and one which had not yet given birth [now] bore two males —- he must give one lamb to a Kohen; [if they bore] a male and a female —- he must set aside one lamb for himself. As it states (Exodus 34:20): The firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a seh —- [it may be] of sheep or goats, a male or a female, old or young, perfect or blemished. He may redeem with it many times; it enters the pen to be tithed; and if it dies, one may derive benefit from it.
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