Temad — as long as it has not fermented, it may not be purchased with tithe money, and it renders a mikveh unfit. After it has fermented, it may be purchased with tithe money, and it does not render a mikveh unfit. Brothers who are partners — when they are obligated to pay a kolbon, they are exempt from the animal tithe; but when they are obligated to give the animal tithe, they are exempt from the kolbon. Wherever there is a [right of] sale, there is no fine [imposed], and wherever there is a fine [imposed], there is no [right of] sale. Wherever there is refusal, there is no chalitzah, and wherever there is chalitzah, there is no refusal. Wherever there is a horn blast, there is no havdalah, and wherever there is havdalah, there is no horn blast: If a Festival falls on the eve of the Sabbath, the horn is sounded and no havdalah is recited; on the departure of the Sabbath, havdalah is recited and the horn is not sounded. How do we recite the havdalah? ‘‘Who distinguishes between holy and holy.’’ R’ Dosa says: ‘‘Between greater holiness and lesser holiness.’’

[If] one slaughters [by cutting] one [of the organs] of a bird or both [organs] of an animal, his slaughtering is valid, and the greater part of one [organ] is tantamount to its entirety. R’ Yehudah says: Until he severs the veridin. [If he severs] half of one [organ] of a bird or one and a half [organs] of an animal, his slaughtering is invalid. [If he severs] the greater part of one [organ] of a bird or the greater part of both [organs] of an animal, his slaughtering is valid.

[If] one slaughters two heads at once, his slaughtering is valid. [If] two hold a knife and slaughter, even if one is above and one is below, their slaughtering is valid.

[If] he severed the head with one stroke, it is invalid. [If] he was slaughtering and severed the head with one stroke: if the knife measures the width of one neck, it is valid. [If] he was slaughtering and severed two heads with one stroke: if the knife measures the width of one neck, it is valid. When does this ruling apply? [Only] when he made a forward stroke but not a backward stroke, or if he made a backward stroke but not a forward stroke; but if he made a forward stroke and a backward stroke, however short it was, even with a scalpel, it is valid. [If] a knife fell and slaughtered, even though it slaughtered in the normal fashion, it is invalid, as it is stated: And you shall slaughter . . . and you shall eat (Deut. 12:21) — what you slaughter, you may eat. [If] the knife fell and he picked it up, [or if] his clothes fell and he picked them up, [or if] he sharpened the knife and became fatigued and his companion came and slaughtered — if he paused as long as it takes to slaughter, it is invalid. R’ Shimon says: If he paused as long as it takes to examine.