There are four types of man: (1) One who says, “[What is] mine is mine and [what is] yours is yours,” this is average behavior. Some say: This is the behavior of Sodom. (2) “[What is] mine is yours and [what is] yours is mine,” [is] an ignoramus. (3) “[What is] mine is yours and [what is] yours is yours,” [is] a pious person. (4) “[What is] mine is mine and [what is] yours is mine,” [is] a wicked person.

There are four types of natures: (1) [One who is] easy to anger and easy to appease, his reward is offset by his loss; (2) [one who is] difficult to anger and difficult to appease, his loss is offset by his reward; (3) [one who is] difficult to anger and easy to appease [is] a pious person. (4) [One who is] easy to anger and difficult to appease [is] a wicked person.

There are four types of students: (1) [One who is] quick to grasp and quick to lose, his reward is offset by his loss. (2) [One who is] slow to grasp and slow to lose, his loss is offset by his reward. (3) [One who is] quick to grasp and slow to lose [is] a wise person. (4) [One who is] slow to grasp and quick to lose, this is a bad lot.

There are four types of charitable donors: (1) One who desires that he will give but others should not give, looks disparagingly at [the money] of others. (2) [One who desires that] others should give but he will not give, he is stingy with his own [money]. (3) [One who desires that] he will give and others should give [is] a pious person. (4) [One who desires that] he will not give and others should not give [is] a wicked person.