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Eduyos 1:12-13
Rabbi Jack Abramowitz
Rabbi Jack Abramowitz

ืžืฉื ื” ื™ื‘
ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื”ืืฉื” ืฉื‘ืื” ืžืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื ื•ืืžืจื” ืžืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื™ื ืฉื ืžืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืชื™ื‘ื ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ืฉืžืขื ื• ืืœื ื‘ื‘ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื™ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื™ืจ ื•ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื•ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืงืฆื™ืจ ืืœื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืชื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชื˜ื•ืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืชื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื ืชื˜ื•ืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื”ืชืจืชื ืืช ื”ืขืจื•ื” ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืœื ืชืชื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื”ืงืœ ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ ืœื ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ืคื™ื” ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ื•ื”ืœื ืžืกืคืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื” ื ืœืžื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืœื” ืฉืื ืชื™ื ืฉืื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืชื˜ืœื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื™ืš ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™


ืจ' ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื


ืืœื ื‘ื‘ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื™ืจ
ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ื—ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืฉื›ื• ื ื—ืฉ ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืžืช, ื•ื‘ืื” ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘"ื“ ื•ืฉืœื—ื• ื•ืžืฆืื• ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”. ื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืืœื ื“ื•ื’ืžืชื• ืฉื™ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืžืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื ืืžื ืช


ืืœื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”
ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืš ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช


ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื™ืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ
ืœื ื—ืœืช ื‘ืขืœื”, ื“ืจื—ืžื ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื. ื•ื’ื‘ื™ ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื“ื™ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ืืงื™ืœื• ืžืฉื•ื ืขื™ื’ื•ื ื”


ืžืกืคืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”
ืžื ื•ืกื— ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื ื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื˜ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”


ื›ืฉืชื ืฉืื™ ืœืื—ืจ
ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืฉืืช ื•ื"ื› ืชื˜ื•ืœ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื”


---------------------------------------
ืžืฉื ื” ื™ื’
ืžื™ ืฉื—ืฆื™ื• ืขื‘ื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™ื• ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืช ืจื‘ื• ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื•ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืชืงื ืชื ืืช ืจื‘ื• ื•ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ืชืงื ืชื ืœื™ืฉื ืฉืคื—ื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืช ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ื”ืœื ืœื ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœื ืœืคืจื™ื” ื•ืจื‘ื™ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœื ืชื”ื• ื‘ืจืื” ืœืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฆืจื” ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืชืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืคื™ืŸ ืืช ืจื‘ื• ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื˜ืจ ืขืœ ื—ืฆื™ ื“ืžื™ื• ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™


ืจ' ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื


ืžื™ ืฉื—ืฆื™ื• ืขื‘ื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™ื• ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ
ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื•ืฉื—ืจืจื• ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ. ืื™ ื ืžื™, ืฉืงื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื• ืžืžื ื• ื—ืฆื™ ื“ืžื™ื• ื•ืฉื—ืจืจ ื—ืฆื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื“ืžื™ื


ืชืงื ืชื ืืช ืจื‘ื•
ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ืกืจ ื›ืœื•ื


ืœื™ืฉื ืฉืคื—ื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ
ืžืคื ื™ ืฆื“ ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•


ื‘ืช ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ
ืžืคื ื™ ืฆื“ ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•


ื›ื•ืคื™ืŸ ืืช ืจื‘ื• ื•ืขื•ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ
ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืื” ืฉื•ืชืคื™ืŸ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืฉื—ืจืจื•, ืฉื›ื•ืคื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืœืฉื—ืจืจื•


Edyos1: 12
ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถื—ึธื–ึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึดืœึผึตืœ ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื‘ึตื™ืช ืฉืึทืžึผึทืื™: ื”ึธืึดืฉืึผึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธืึธื” ืžึดืžึผึฐื“ึดื™ื ึทืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธื ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐืจึธื”: ,,ืžึตืช ื‘ึผึทืขึฐืœึดื™โ€ ืชึผึดื ึผึธืฉื‚ึตื; ,,ืžึตืช ื‘ึผึทืขึฐืœึดื™โ€ ืชึผึดืชึฐื™ึทื‘ึผึตื. ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึดืœึผึตืœ ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื, ืœึนื ืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐื ื•ึผ ืึถืœึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึธืึธื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืงึผึธืฆึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึธื“. ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืฉืึทืžึผึทืื™: ืึทื—ึทืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืึธื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืงึผึธืฆึดื™ืจ ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืึธื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื–ึผึตื™ืชึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืึธื” ืžึดืžึผึฐื“ึดื™ื ึทืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธื; ืœึนื ื“ึดื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึทืงึผึธืฆึดื™ืจ ืึถืœึผึธื ื‘ึทื”ึนื•ึถื”. ื—ึธื–ึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึดืœึผึตืœ ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ืฉืึทืžึผึทืื™. ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืฉืึทืžึผึทืื™ ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื: ืชึผึดื ึผึธืฉื‚ึตื ื•ึฐืชึดื˜ึผึนืœ ื›ึผึฐืชึปื‘ึผึธืชึธื”ึผ. ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึดืœึผึตืœ ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื: ืชึผึดื ึผึธืฉื‚ึตื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดื˜ึผึนืœ ื›ึผึฐืชึปื‘ึผึธืชึธื”ึผ. ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืฉืึทืžึผึทืื™: ื”ึดืชึผึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึถืจึฐื•ึธื” ื”ึทื—ึฒืžื•ึผืจึธื”, ืœึนื ืชึทืชึผึดื™ืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึธืžื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืงึผึทืœ? ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”ึดืœึผึตืœ: ืžึธืฆึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธืึทื—ึดื™ื ื ึดื›ึฐื ึธืกึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐื ึทื—ึฒืœึธื” ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ื”ึธ. ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืฉืึทืžึผึทืื™: ื•ึทื”ึฒืœึนื ืžึดืกึผึตืคึถืจ ื›ึผึฐืชึปื‘ึผึธืชึธื”ึผ ื ึดืœึฐืžึนื“; ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื›ื•ึนืชึตื‘ ืœึธื”ึผ ืฉืึถ,,ืึดื ืชึผึดื ึผึธืฉื‚ึฐืึดื™ ืœึฐืึทื—ึตืจ, ืชึผึดื˜ึผึฐืœึดื™ ืžึทื” ืฉืึผึถื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ืœึดื™ืšึฐ.โ€ ื—ึธื–ึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึดืœึผึตืœ ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื‘ึตื™ืช ืฉืึทืžึผึทืื™.
These are the matters about which Beis Hillel reversed themselves to [thenceforth] rule in accordance with the view of Beis Shammai. If a woman came from overseas and she said, โ€œMy husband died [overseas],โ€ she may marry; โ€œMy hus-band died [overseas],โ€ she may be taken in yibum. But Beis Hillel say: We have not heard [this tradition] ex-cept in a case where she comes from the grain harvest. Beis Shammai said to them: It is the same whether she comes from the harvest and it is the same whether she comes from the [harvest of] olives and it is the same whether she comes from overseas; [the Rabbis] spoke in [terms of] the harvest only [because that was the incident] as it happened. [And subsequently] Beis Hillel reversed [them-selves] to [thenceforth] rule in accordance with Beis Shammai. Beis Shammai say: She may remarry and col-lect her kesubah. But Beis Hillel say: She may remarry but she does not col-lect her kesubah. Beis Shammai said to them: [If] you have permitted the grave [matter of] ervah, shall you not [then certainly] permit the less grave [matter of] money? Beis Hillel said to them: We find that the brothers do not enter into [possession of] the estate on [the basis of] her testimony. Beis Shammai said to them: But we can learn [this ruling] from her kesubah docu-ment; for he writes to her that โ€œIf you marry another, you will take what is written to you.โ€ [And] Beis Hillel reversed [them-selves] to [thenceforth] rule in accordance with the opinion of Beis Shammai.
Edyos1: 13
ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื—ึถืฆึฐื™ื•ึน ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ื•ึฐื—ึถืฆึฐื™ื•ึน ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื—ื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ, ืขื•ึนื‘ึตื“ ืึถืช ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึน ื™ื•ึนื ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื™ื•ึนื ืึถื—ึธื“, ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึดืœึผึตืœ. ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืฉืึทืžึผึทืื™: ืชึผึดืงึผึทื ึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึน, ื•ึฐืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืœึนื ืชึดืงึผึทื ึฐืชึผึถื! ืœึดืฉื‚ึผึธื ืฉืึดืคึฐื—ึธื” ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ, ื‘ึผึทืช ื—ื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ. ืœึดื‘ึผึธื˜ึตืœ? ื•ึทื”ึฒืœึนื ืœึนื ื ึดื‘ึฐืจึธื ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ืึถืœึผึธื ืœึดืคึฐืจึดื™ึผึธื” ื•ึผืจึฐื‘ึดื™ึผึธื”, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: ,,ืœึนืึพืชึนื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืจึธืึธื”ึผ; ืœึธืฉืึถื‘ึถืช ื™ึฐืฆึธืจึธื”ึผ!โ€ ืึถืœึผึธื, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืชึดืงึผื•ึผืŸ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื›ึผื•ึนืคึดื™ืŸ ืึถืช ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึถืŸ ื—ื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐื›ื•ึนืชึตื‘ ืฉืึฐื˜ึธืจ ืขึทืœ ื—ึฒืฆึดื™ ื“ึธืžึธื™ื•. ื—ึธื–ึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึดืœึผึตืœ ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ืฉืึทืžึผึทืื™.
One who is half slave and half a free man, works one day for his master and one day for himself, these are the words of Beis Hillel. Beis Shammai said to [Beis Hillel]: You have provided a solution for his master, but for [him] himself you have not pro-vided a solution! He is not able to marry a slavewoman, [and] he is not able [to mar-ry] a free woman. Shall he remain idle? But was not the world created only for propagation, as it is stated (Isaiah 45:18): He [God] did not create it [the world] to be desolate; He formed it to be inhabited? Rather, for the benefit of society, we force his master and he [must] make him a [com-pletely] free man, and [the slave must] write [him] a note for half his value. [Subsequently] Beis Hillel reversed [themselves] to [thenceforth] rule in accordance with [the view of] Beis Shammai.

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