These are circumstances for which there is chazakah, and these are circumstances for which there is no chazakah: [If] he kept an animal in the courtyard, [or] an oven, a stove, or a mill, or he raised chickens, or placed his manure in the courtyard, it is not a chazakah. However, [if] he made a partition ten handbreadths high for his animal, or [he did] so for the oven, stove, or mill, [or] he placed chickens in the house, or he made a [storage] place for manure three [handbreadths] high or three [handbreadths] deep, this is a chazakah.

A drainspout has no chazakah, but its place has a chazakah. A gutter has a chazakah. An Egyptian ladder has no chazakah, but a Tyrian [ladder] has a chazakah.  An Egyptian window has no chazakah, but a Tyrian [window] has a chazakah. What is an Egyptian window? Any [window] through which a man's head cannot enter. R' Yehudah says: If it has a frame, even though a man's head cannot enter it, it establishes a chazakah.  A protrusion —- down to a handbreadth it has a chazakah, and one can protest [its placement]. [But if it is] less than a handbreadth, it has no chazakah, and one cannot protest [its placement].

A man may not open his windows onto a jointly owned courtyard. [If] he buys a house in another courtyard he may not open it onto a jointly owned courtyard. [If] he builds an attic above his house, he may not open it onto a jointly owned courtyard. However, if he wishes, he may build a room within his house, or build an attic above his house, and open it into his house.  A man may not open onto a jointly owned courtyard a doorway opposite another doorway or a window opposite another window. [If] it was small, he may not enlarge it; [if there was] one, he may not make it two. However, he may open onto the public domain a doorway opposite another doorway and a window opposite another window. [If] it was small, he may enlarge it; [if] there was one, he may make it two.

One may not dig a hole under the public domain —- pits, ditches, or vaults. R' Eliezer permits [it] if it is [strong] enough for a wagon loaded with stones to ride [over it].  One may not extend protrusions or ledges into the public domain. However, if he wishes, he may recess [his wall] inside his own property and extend [them]. [If] he bought a courtyard in which there are protrusions or ledges, they retain their status.