A bull and all other animals are alike as regards falling into a pit, separation from Mt. Sinai, the twofold payments, returning a loss, unloading, muzzling, kilayim, and the Sabbath. The same applies to wild beasts and fowl. If so, why is ox or donkey stat-ed? Because Scripture speaks of the usual.

[If] one brings a sheep into a fold and locks [the door] before it properly, but it gets out and damages, he is exempt. [If] he does not lock [the door] before it properly, and it gets out and damages, he is liable.  [If] it breaks at night, or if robbers break it, and it goes out and damages, he is exempt. Should robbers take it out, the robbers are liable.

[If] he leaves it in the sun, or gives it over to a deaf-mute, a mentally deranged person, or a minor, and it goes out and damag-es, he is liable. [If] he gives it over to a shepherd, [the] shepherd assumes the responsibility in his stead.  [If] it falls into a garden and derives benefit, [its owner] pays [for] what it benefited. Should it go down in its usual manner and damage, he pays [for] what it damaged. How does he pay [for] what it damaged? We appraise how much a seah's space in that field was worth and how much it is worth. R' Shimon says: [If] it eats ripe fruit, he pays for ripe fruit: if a seah, a seah; if two seahs, two seahs.

[If] one makes stacks of grain in another's field without permission, and the animal belonging to the owner of the field eats them, he is exempt. If it is injured by them, the owner of the stack is liable. Should he make the stacks with permission, the owner of the field is liable.