A slave who was taken captive and they redeemed him —- if to be a slave, he shall be subjugated; if to be a free man, he shall not be subjugated. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliels says: In either case, he shall be subjugated.  A slave whose master designated him as payment for a debt to another and [then] freed him —- by right of law, the slave should not be liable at all; but, for the sake of the general good, they compel his master to free him, and he writes a bond for his value. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: He does not write; only the one who freed [him].

One who is half-slave and half-free works one day for his master and one day for himself; [these are] the words of Beis Hillel. Beis Shammai said to them: You have provided a solution for his master, but for [him] himself you have not provided a solution: He cannot marry a slave, because he is half-free; [and he cannot marry] a free woman, because he is half-slave. Shall he remain idle? But was not the world created only for propagation, as it says (Isaiah 45:18): He created it not a waste; he formed it to be inhabited. Rather, for the sake of the general good, his master is compelled to free him, and he writes a bond for half his value. [Subsequently] Beis Hillel retracted, and taught in accordance with the words of Beis Shammai.

[If] one sells his slave to a gentile or to [someone] outside Eretz Yisrael, he goes free. Captives may not be redeemed for more than their value, for the sake of the general good. And captives may not be helped to escape, for the sake of the general good. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: For the benefit of the captives. Torah scrolls, phylacteries, and mezuzos may not be bought from gentiles for more than their value, for the sake of the general good.

One who divorces his wife because of a bad reputation may not take [her] back; because of a neder, he may not take [her] back. R' Yehudah says: [If because of] any neder which was known to the public, he may not take [her] back, but [if because of a neder] not known to the public, he may take [her] back.  R' Meir says: [If he divorced her because of] any neder which requires the inquiry of a sage, he may not take [her] back, but [if because of a neder] which does not require the inquiry of a sage, he may take [her] back. Said R' Elazar: They prohibited this only because of the other. Said R' Yose bar Yehudah: It occurred in Sidon that one said to his wife: “Konam, if I do not divorce you,” and he divorced her, and the Sages allowed him to take her back, for the sake of the general good.