One who throws from a private domain to a public domain, [or] from a public domain to a private domain, is liable. [One who throws] from one private domain to another private domain, and a public domain [lies] in between, R’ Akiva holds [him] liable. The Sages, however, exempt [him].

In what manner? Two balconies, one opposite the other, in a public domain, one who hands over or throws from one to the other is exempt. If both were in one row, one who hands over is liable, [whereas] one who throws is exempt. For such was the work of the Levites: [There were] two wagons one behind the other in a public domain, they would hand over the boards from one to the other, but they would not throw [them]. The bank of a cistern and a rock that are ten [handbreadths] high and four [handbreadths] wide, one who takes [an article] from them or places [an article] upon them is liable; less than these [dimensions], he is exempt.

One who throws [an article a distance of] four cubits against a wall, above ten handbreadths [from the ground], it is as though he is throwing in the air; below ten handbreadths [from the ground], it as though he is throwing on the ground. One who throws [an article a distance of] four cubits on the ground is liable. [If] one threw [to a point] within four cubits, but it rolled beyond four cubits, he is exempt; [if he threw] beyond four cubits, but it [then] rolled [back] to within four cubits, he is liable.

One who throws [a distance of] four cubits in the sea is exempt. If there was a shallow pool of muddy water with a public domain passing through it, one who throws [a distance of] four cubits in it is liable. How much is a shallow pool? Less than ten handbreadths. A shallow pool with a public domain passing through it, one who throws [a distance of] four cubits in it is liable.