[If] one hires a laborer to work with olive trees, [and the laborer] said to him, “[I will work for you] on condition that I [may] eat olives,” [if] he eats one at a time, he is exempt [from tithes]; but if he combines [two or more olives], he is obligated [in tithes].  [If one hired a worker] to weed [a patch of] onions, [and] he said to him, “On condition that I [may] eat the green [leaves of the onion plant],” [the worker] may pluck one leaf at a time and eat [it without separating tithes]; but if he combines [two or more leaves], he is obligated [to tithe them].

[If] one found cut figs in the road, even [if he found them] beside a field of cut figs, and similarly [in the case of] a fig tree which hangs over a road and one found figs beneath it, they are permissible with respect to [the prohibition of] theft, and they are exempt from tithes; but in [the case of] olives and carobs, they are obligated [in tithes].  [If] one found dried figs, if most people have [already] pressed [their dried figs], he is obligated [to tithe them]; if not, he is exempt. [If] one found por-tions of [a cake of] pressed figs, he is obligated [to tithe them], for it is known that they are from something [whose processing is] completed.  And [regarding] carobs, as long as he has not yet gathered them on the top of the roof he may take some down for his animal [to eat, and] is exempt [from tithing them], because he returns the surplus.

What [type of] courtyard is obligated in tithes? R' Yishmael says: A Tyrean courtyard, in which utensils are kept safe. R' Akiva says: Any [courtyard the gate of] which one [person] opens and one [person] locks is exempt [from tithes]. R' Nechemyah says: Any [courtyard] inside of which a person is not embarrassed to eat is obligated [in tithes]. R' Yose says: Any [courtyard] which one enters and no [resident] says [to him], “What are you looking for?” is exempt [from tithes].  R' Yehudah says: [Regarding] two courtyards, one [of which is] within the other, the inner [courtyard] is obligated [in tithes] and the outer one is exempt [from tithes].

Rooftops are exempt [from tithes], even if they are in a courtyard which is liable. A gatehouse, a portico, and a gallery are like the courtyard [in which they are situated]; if [the courtyard] is liable [in tithes], they [too] are liable. And if it is exempt, they are exempt.