Stones that were dislodged by the plow, or that were covered and became exposed — if there are two [stones] among them [that are] a two-man burden, they may be taken. Someone clearing stones from his field may remove the upper [ones] but must leave those which touch the ground. Similarly, [when clearing] a pile of pebbles or a heap of stones — he may remove the upper [ones] but must leave those which touch the ground. If there was bedrock or straw underneath them, they may be taken.

One may not build steps leading to ravines on the eve of the seventh [year] once the rains have stopped, because he is preparing them for the seventh [year]. But he may build during the seventh [year] once the rains have stopped, because he is preparing them for [the year] following the seventh. He may not support [the dam] with mortar, but he may make a [loose] partition. Any stone which one can stretch out his hand and take may be taken.

Shoulder stones may be brought from any place; and a contractor may bring from any place. What are shoulder stones? Any that cannot be carried with one hand; [these are] the words of R’ Meir. R’ Yose says: Shoulder stones [are] as their name [implies] — any that are carried two or three [at a time] on the shoulder.

One who builds a wall between his [property] and the public domain is permitted to dig down to the bedrock. What should he do with the dirt? He should pile it in the public domain and repair it; [these are] the words of R’ Yehoshua. R’ Akiva says: Just as one may not cause damage to the public domain, so too one should not [even] repair it. What [then] should he do with the dirt? He should pile it inside his field in the manner of stored dung. So too, one who digs a pit, a ditch, or a vault.