[If] one sees a place where miracles were performed on behalf of Israel, he says: ‘‘Blessed . . . Who performed miracles for our forefathers at this place.’’ [If one sees] a place from which idolatry was uprooted, he says: ‘‘Blessed . . . Who uprooted idolatry from our land.’’

Upon [seeing] meteors, and earthquakes, and lightning, and thunder, and tempests one says: ‘‘Blessed . . . Whose strength and might fill the world.’’ Upon [seeing] mountains, and hills, and seas, and rivers, and deserts, one says: ‘‘Blessed . . . Who makes the work of Creation.’’ R’ Yehudah says: [If] one sees the Great Sea he says: ‘‘Blessed . . . Who made the Great Sea.’’ [But only] when he sees it at intervals. On rains and on [hearing] good tidings, one says: ‘‘Blessed . . . Who is good and does good.’’ And on [hearing] bad tidings, one says: ‘‘Blessed . . . the true Judge.’’

[If] one built a new house, or purchased new utensils, he says: ‘‘Blessed . . . Who has kept us alive.’’ One recites a blessing on a calamity which has an aspect of good, and on a favora-ble occurrence which has an aspect of bad. [If] one prays regarding the past, this is a prayer in vain. How so? [If] one’s wife was pregnant, and he said, ‘‘May it be [God’s] will that my wife give birth to a male,’’ this is a prayer in vain. [If] one was coming along the road, and he heard the sound of screaming in the city, and he said, ‘‘May it be [God’s] will that those [who are screaming] not be [members of] my household,’’ this is a prayer in vain.

One who enters a city should pray twice, once upon his entry and once upon his depar-ture. Ben Azzai says: [He should pray] four [times], twice upon his entry and twice upon his departure. He should give thanks for the past, and pray for what will come in the fu-ture.