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Baba Metzia 3:7-8
Rabbi Eric Levy
Rabbi Eric Levy

ืžืฉื ื” ื–


ื”ืžืคืงื™ื“ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื• ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืื•ืจื– ืชืฉืขืช ื—ืฆืื™ ืงื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืจ ืœืฉืขื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืœื“ื•ื—ืŸ ืชืฉืขื” ืงื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ืกืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœื–ืจืข ืคืฉืชืŸ ืฉืœืฉ ืกืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื“ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืจื™ ื•ื›ื™ ืžื” ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื”ืŸ ืœืขื›ื‘ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงื™ืžืขื ืืœื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื• ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื ืœื›ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื“ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื• ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืชื™ืจื•ืช

ืจ' ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื


ื”ืžืคืงื™ื“ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•
ื•ืขื™ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื ืคืงื“ ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืชืคืง ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืื›ืœ. ื›ืฉื‘ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื• ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื™ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื”ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืจ

ืชืฉืขื” ื—ืฆืื™ ืงื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืจ
ื”ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืœืฉื™ื ืกืื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืกืื” ืฉืฉื” ืงื‘ื™ืŸ

ื”ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื“ื”
ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•ืจ


ื”ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
ืฉื”ื ื™ื—ื ื‘ื™ื“ื•. ืœื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื” ื™ื ื›ื” ืœื• ื›ืš


ืžื” ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื”ื• ืœืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื
ื›ืš ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืžืžื“ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืžื“ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืœื›ืš ืชืฉืขื” ื—ืฆืื™ ืงื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉืจื” ื›ื•ืจื™ืŸ


ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื“ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื”
ืฉื”ืคืงื™ื“ ืืฆืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืžืขืฉืจื” ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœืžืขืœื”, ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื• ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช

ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื•ืชื™ืจื•ืช
ืฉื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื›ืฉืžืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื, ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื ื•ืคื—ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื—ืกืจื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœื›ืœ ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื•ืจ, ื“ื›ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื™ ืœื ืื›ืœื™ ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขืฉืจื” ื›ื•ืจื™ืŸ, ื”ืœื›ืš ื ืคื™ื—ืชื• ืžืฉืœืžืช ืœืžื” ืฉืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื ื›ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื ื›ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืจื™. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื•ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื–ืจืขื™ื ืœื—ืกืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ


------------------------------------------
ืžืฉื ื” ื—


ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื• ืฉืชื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื• ืฉืœืฉืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืŸ ืœืžืื” ืœื•ื’ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืฉืžืจื™ื ืœื•ื’ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ื‘ืœืข ืื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืŸ ืžื–ื•ืงืง ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื• ืฉืžืจื™ื ืื ื”ื™ื• ืงื ืงื ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื• ื‘ืœืข ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืืฃ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืฉืžืŸ ืžื–ื•ืงืง ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื•ื’ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืฉืžืจื™ื ืœืžืื”

ืจ' ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื


ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื• ืฉืชื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืŸ
ืื ื”ืคืงื™ื“ ืืฆืœื• ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื™ืจื‘ื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•, ื”ืงื ืงื ื™ื ื‘ื•ืœืขื™ื ืฉืชื•ืช


ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื—ื•ืžืฉ
ืฉื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื”ืงื ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœืข ื—ื•ืžืฉ. ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื


ืืฃ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ื›ื•
ื›ืฉื ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืคืงื™ื“, ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžื•ื›ืจ. ืฉื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืฉืžืŸ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืžืŸ ืžื–ื•ืงืง ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืชืคืง ืžืžื ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืœื•ืงื— ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื• ืœื•ื’ ื•ืžื—ืฆื” ืžื—ืžืช ืฉืžืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžืื” ืœื•ื’. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”


Bava Metzia3: 7
ื”ึทืžึผึทืคึฐืงึดื™ื“ ืคึผึตืจื•ึนืช ืึตืฆึถืœ ื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน โ€” ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ื™ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœื•ึน ื—ึถืกึฐืจื•ึนื ื•ึนืช: ืœึฐื—ึดื˜ึผึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืœึฐืึนืจึถื– โ€” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืขึทืช ื—ึฒืฆึธืึตื™ ืงึทื‘ึผึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐื›ื•ึนืจ; ืœึดืฉื‚ึฐืขื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืœึฐื“ึนื—ึทืŸ โ€” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืขึธื” ืงึทื‘ึผึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐื›ื•ึนืจ; ืœึฐื›ึปืกึผึฐืžึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึถืจึทืข ืคึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธืŸ โ€” ืฉืึธืœืฉื ืกึฐืึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐื›ื•ึนืจ; ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ืœึฐืคึดื™ ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึผึธื”, ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ืœึฐืคึดื™ ื”ึทื–ึผึฐืžึธืŸ. ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื—ึธื ึธืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื ื•ึผืจึดื™: ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืžึธื” ืึดื›ึฐืคึผึทืช ืœึธื”ึถืŸ ืœึธืขึทื›ึฐื‘ึผึธืจึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึทื”ึฒืœึนื ืื•ึนื›ึฐืœื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืžึตื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ืžึดืงึผึดืžึฐืขึธื! ืึถืœึผึธื ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœื•ึน ื—ึถืกึฐืจื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ืึถืœึผึธื ืœึฐื›ื•ึนืจ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึธื“. ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ: ืึดื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืžึดื“ึผึธื” ืžึฐืจึปื‘ึผึธื” โ€” ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœื•ึน ื—ึถืกึฐืจื•ึนื ื•ึนืช, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถืžึผื•ึนืชึดื™ืจื•ึนืช.
[If] one deposits produce with another person, he may deduct for decreases: for wheat and rice, nine half kavs per kor; for barley and for millet, nine kavs per kor; for spelt and for linseed, three seโ€™in per kor; everything according to the measure, everything according to the time. Said Rโ€™ Yochanan ben Nuri: What difference does it make to the mice; do they not eat whether from much or from little? Rather, he deducts for decreases for one kor only. Rโ€™ Yehudah says: If it had been a large measure, he does not deduct for decreases, because it increases.
Bava Metzia3: 8
ื™ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœื•ึน ืฉืึฐืชื•ึผืช ืœึฐื™ึทื™ึดืŸ. ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ: ื—ึนืžึถืฉื. โ€ƒื™ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœื•ึน ืฉืึฐืœืฉืึถืช ืœึปื’ึผึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืžึถืŸ ืœึฐืžึตืึธื”: ืœึนื’ ื•ึผืžึถื—ึฑืฆึธื” ืฉืึฐืžึธืจึดื™ื, ืœึนื’ ื•ึผืžึถื—ึฑืฆึธื” ื‘ึผึถืœึทืข. ืึดื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืฉืึถืžึถืŸ ืžึฐื–ึปืงึผึธืง โ€” ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœื•ึน ืฉืึฐืžึธืจึดื™ื. ืึดื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืงึทื ึฐืงึทื ึผึดื™ื ื™ึฐืฉืึธื ึดื™ื โ€” ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœื•ึน ื‘ึถืœึทืข. ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ: ืึทืฃ ื”ึทืžึผื•ึนื›ึตืจ ืฉืึถืžึถืŸ ืžึฐื–ึปืงึผึธืง ืœึทื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึฐืžื•ึนืช ื”ึทืฉืึผึธื ึธื”, ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืœึนื’ ื•ึผืžึถื—ึฑืฆึธื” ืฉืึฐืžึธืจึดื™ื ืœึฐืžึตืึธื”.
He may deduct a sixth for wine. Rโ€™ Yehudah says: A fifth. โ€ƒHe may deduct three lugin of oil per hundred: a log and a half for sediment, and a log and a half for absorption. If it was refined oil, he may not deduct for sediment. If the vessels were old, he may not deduct for absorbtion. โ€ƒRโ€™ Yehudah says: Also [if] one sells refined oil to another [for] all the days of the year, the latter must accept upon himself a log and a half sediment per hundred.

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